Quebec Winter Carnival Guide

When winter blankets Quebec City in snow, rather than hibernate, locals celebrate with one of the world's most famous winter festivals. The Quebec Winter Carnival (Carnaval de Québec) transforms the already charming UNESCO World Heritage city into a magical winter wonderland filled with ice sculptures, snow activities, parades, and festive cheer.

Dating back to 1894, the Quebec Winter Carnival was originally created as a way to brighten the long, cold winter months and has since evolved into North America's largest winter celebration. Today, it attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors who embrace winter's beauty rather than escape it.

When to Go

The Quebec Winter Carnival typically takes place over 17 days spanning late January to mid-February. The exact dates change each year, so it's best to check the official website when planning your trip. The 2024 Carnival is scheduled for January 26 to February 11.

While the festival runs for over two weeks, certain dates offer special events:

• Opening weekend features the grand opening ceremony and parade
• Middle weekend often hosts the international snow sculpture competition
• Final weekend includes closing ceremonies and special performances

Meet Bonhomme: The Heart of the Carnival

No discussion of the Quebec Winter Carnival is complete without mentioning its beloved mascot, Bonhomme Carnaval. This jovial seven-foot-tall snowman with his red cap and traditional arrow sash (ceinture fléchée) has been the face of the festival since 1955.

Bonhomme is more than a mascot—he's treated as the king of the Carnival and a celebrity in Quebec. Throughout the festival, you'll see him participating in events, greeting visitors, and bringing his cheerful spirit to the celebrations. Spotting Bonhomme and taking a photo with him is considered an essential part of the Carnival experience.

Must-See Attractions and Activities

The Carnival offers dozens of activities and attractions spread throughout Quebec City, but here are the highlights you won't want to miss:

Bonhomme's Ice Palace

Each year, a magnificent palace made entirely of ice and snow is constructed in honor of Bonhomme. This architectural marvel serves as a central meeting point and features different rooms, impressive lighting displays, and interactive elements. The palace is particularly spectacular when lit up at night.

International Snow Sculpture Competition

Artists from around the world gather to transform massive blocks of snow into intricate works of art. Watch as teams carve their sculptures over several days, then return to see the finished masterpieces. Viewing the sculptures at night when they're illuminated with colored lights adds another dimension to their beauty.

Night Parades

The Carnival features spectacular night parades that wind through the streets of Old Quebec. These processions include illuminated floats, dancers in colorful costumes, musicians, and of course, Bonhomme himself. The magical atmosphere of these parades, set against the historic architecture of Quebec City, creates unforgettable memories.

Ice Canoe Race

Perhaps the most unique and quintessentially Quebecois event is the ice canoe race across the St. Lawrence River. Teams of five paddle and push their canoes across the partially frozen river, alternating between rowing through frigid waters and carrying their canoes across ice floes. This race pays homage to the historical method of winter transportation between Quebec City and Lévis.

Plains of Abraham Activities

The historic Plains of Abraham park transforms into a winter playground during Carnival. Here you'll find:

• Giant snow slides for adults and children
• A snow bath event where brave participants wear swimsuits in the snow
• Sleigh rides through the snow-covered landscape
• Arrow throwing competitions
• Ice skating paths

Traditional Sugar Shack

Experience authentic Quebec culture by visiting a traditional sugar shack (cabane à sucre) set up during the Carnival. Here you can enjoy maple taffy on snow (tire d'érable), a delicious treat made by pouring hot maple syrup onto snow and then rolling it onto a stick as it cools.

Carnival Essentials: What to Bring

To fully enjoy the Winter Carnival experience, there are a few essentials you'll want to have:

The Carnival Effigy

The Carnival Effigy is a small figurine of Bonhomme that serves as your access pass to official Carnival sites and activities. More than just a ticket, wearing your effigy proudly is part of the Carnival tradition and shows your participation in the festivities. You can purchase it online in advance or at various locations throughout the city.

Proper Winter Clothing

Quebec City in February is seriously cold, with temperatures often dropping below -20°C (-4°F). Proper attire is essential:

• Insulated, waterproof winter boots with good traction
• Thermal base layers (top and bottom)
• Heavy winter coat (preferably down-filled)
• Insulated snow pants for outdoor activities
• Wool socks (bring extra pairs to change into)
• Warm hat that covers your ears
• Insulated gloves or mittens (mittens are warmer)
• Scarf and/or neck gaiter
• Hand and foot warmers for extra comfort

Caribou: The Official Drink

No Winter Carnival experience is complete without tasting caribou, the festival's traditional alcoholic beverage. This sweet, potent drink is a mixture of red wine, whisky, and maple syrup, traditionally served hot to warm revelers from the inside out. You'll find it served in most Carnival venues, often in hollow canes designed specifically for the drink.

Where to Stay

Accommodation fills up quickly during Carnival, so booking well in advance is essential. For the full experience, consider these options:

Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec)

Staying within the historic walled city puts you in the heart of the action. The iconic Fairmont Le Château Frontenac offers a luxury experience with stunning views, while numerous boutique hotels and B&Bs in the area provide charm and character.

Ice Hotel (Hôtel de Glace)

For a truly unique winter experience, spend a night at the famous Ice Hotel, located about 30 minutes from downtown Quebec City. This architectural marvel is rebuilt each winter with different themes and designs, featuring rooms, beds, and furniture made entirely of ice and snow.

Lower Town (Basse-Ville)

The charming Petit-Champlain district and Place Royale area offer beautiful historic accommodations within walking distance of many Carnival activities, plus excellent restaurants and boutiques.

Tips for an Unforgettable Carnival Experience

To make the most of your Quebec Winter Carnival visit:

• Take breaks to warm up in cafes, restaurants, or museums between outdoor activities
• Use the free shuttle services that connect major Carnival sites
• Check the official program and plan your must-see events in advance
• Consider a guided tour to learn about the history and traditions of the Carnival
• Try local winter foods like poutine, tourtière (meat pie), and beavertails (fried pastry)
• Bring a camera with extra batteries (cold temperatures drain batteries quickly)
• Learn a few basic French phrases—while many people speak English, locals appreciate the effort

Beyond the Carnival: Exploring Winter in Quebec City

While the Carnival is the main attraction, Quebec City offers many other winter activities worth exploring:

• Toboggan run at Dufferin Terrace: Race down this historic slide next to Château Frontenac
• Montmorency Falls: View this spectacular waterfall partially frozen in winter
• Skiing and snowboarding: Several resorts are within a short drive of the city
• Snowshoeing: Explore the Plains of Abraham or nearby nature preserves
• Quebec City food tour: Discover local cuisine and warm up with hearty Quebec dishes